Data are simply values or sets of values. A single unit of value is called a Data item. Data items are divided into subgroups called Group items. An Entity is something that has certain attributes which may be assigned values. An entity with similar attributes is called an Entity set. Meaningful or processed data is […]
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Ring Counter A ring counter is also known as SISO (serial in serial out) shift register counter. The designing of the ring counter can be done by using four D-Flip Flops with a common clock signal and an overriding input that can be connected to preset and clear. All the flip-flops are arranged in series such that
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A Binary Coded Decimal or a Decade counter is a counter that can count 10 states. A 4 bit binary counter will act as a decade counter by skipping six outputs out of the 16 outputs. The following truth table describes the counting operation of a decade counter. Clock 0 0 0 0 0 ↑
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The clock inputs of all the individual flip-flops are clocked together at the same time by the same clock signal, giving rise to the name “synchronous counter.” Because all of the flip-flops are clocked together simultaneously (in parallel) at the same time, changes in output occur in “synchronisation” with the clock signal. As a result,
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An up-down counter is a combination of an up-counter and a down-counter. It can count in both directions, increasing as well as decreasing. A mode control input(M) is used to select either up or down mode. we have the M(mode control) input which decides whether or should be the clockinput to the next flip flop.
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Counters in which the flip-flops are supplied with different clock signals. The first flip-flop is clocked by the external clock pulse and then each successive flip-flop is clocked by the output of the preceding flip-flop. 2-bit Asynchronous Up Counter The logic diagram of a 2-bit asynchronous up counter using JK flip-flop is shown in the
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A counter is a sequential circuit that stores the number of times a particular event has occurred in form of a clock pulse. Counters can be designed by connecting individual flip-flops together. Counters are used in digital electronics for the purpose of counting. When the clock pulses are applied to a counter, it progresses from
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Registers A register is a collection of flip-flops, each of which can store one bit of information. An n-bit register is a group of n flip-flops that can store binary information of n bits. Register memory is the smallest and most powerful type of memory in a computer. It stores frequently used data, instructions, and
A T flip-flop is a modified form of the JK flip flop. It is called a toggle flip flop because of its toggling operation. T flip-flop is constructed by connecting the J and K inputs, creating a single input called T as shown in the following figure. Working of T Flip flop The circuit diagram
The D(data) flip-flop stores the value that is given on the data line. It can be thought of as a basic memory cell. When both the inputs of an SR flip-flop are at the same logic level, then a no change or invalid output condition occurs. If we avoid these conditions, there will be only
